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→Diagnostic Algorithm
=Most Common Etiologies=
=Most Common Etiologies=
* Top three etiologies: infection, malignancy, and trauma/surgery, each account for 10-20% of cases.
* '''Bacterial sepsis''' (83%), '''Trauma''' (31%), '''Cancer''' (e.g. APML, 6.8%), placental abruption, preeclampsia, amniotic fluid embolism, burn, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, infection, transfusion reaction (ABO incompatibility), snake venom, aortic aneurysm
* '''Bacterial sepsis''' (83%), '''Trauma''' (31%), '''Cancer''' (e.g. APML, 6.8%), placental abruption, preeclampsia, amniotic fluid embolism, burn, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, infection, transfusion reaction (ABO incompatibility), snake venom, aortic aneurysm
=Pathogenesis=
=Pathogenesis=
* Expression of the transmembrane glycoprotein TF (which activates factor VII and the extrinsic pathway)
* '''Exposure''': Expression of the transmembrane glycoprotein TF (which activates factor VII and the extrinsic pathway)
* Consumption of clotting factors
* '''Coagulation''': Consumption of clotting factors; Widespread micro and macrovascular thrombosis, depletion of fibrinogen and fibrin clot formation; Platelets are trapped in the clots
* '''Fibrinolysis''': Plasminogen --> Plasmin also upregulated, leading to large increase in clot breakdown and release of [[FDPs]] such as D-dimer. Leads to worsened bleeding.
* Plasminogen --> Plasmin also upregulated, leading to large increase in clot breakdown and release of [[FDPs]].
=Diagnostic Algorithm=
=Diagnostic Algorithm=
* PT > 3s (1 pt), > 6s (2 pt)
* PT > 3s (1 pt), > 6s (2 pt)
* Fibrinogen < 1 g/L (1 pt)
* Fibrinogen < 1 g/L (1 pt)
Compared with the non-DIC group, the DIC group had prolonged K time, decreased α angle, increased R value, and decreased CI and MA value (P<0.05). With increase of SOFA scores, R value and K value increased significantly, and α angle, MA value, and CI decreased significantly (P<0.05). According to TEG, platelet function and fibrinogen function of DIC patients were significantly reduced, and the body showed hypocoagulability. (PMID: 30988714)
=Treatments=
=Treatments=