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→SCD hemodynamic effects
IDEs can be foregone if any of the exemption criteria at 21 CFR 812.2(c) (Investigational Device Exemptions 2014) are met. [...] A diagnostic device, if the sponsor complies with applicable requirements in 21 CFR 809.10(c) and if the testing: is non-invasive, does not introduce energy into the patients body, has the diagnosis confirmed by a medically accepted alternate method.
=Study Design=
=Study Design=
==Inclusion Criteria==
==Inclusion Criteria==
* NSR
* NSR
* Positive pressure ventilation
* Positive pressure ventilation
==Exclusion Criteria==
==Exclusion Criteria==
* LIMITS [https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13613-022-01022-8 mnemonic]
* LIMITS [https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13613-022-01022-8 mnemonic]
* Low HR/RR ratio
** Low HR/RR ratio
* Irregular rhythm
** Irregular rhythm
* Mechanical ventilation w/ low VT
** Mechanical ventilation w/ low VT
* Increased intra-abdominal pressure (e.g. insufflation)
** Increased intra-abdominal pressure (e.g. insufflation)
* Thorax Open
** Thorax Open
* Spontaneously breathing
** Spontaneously breathing
* Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
* Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
* Tricuspid regurgitation
* Tricuspid regurgitation
* Common adverse effects of both compression stockings and IPC include skin pressure injury, pruritus (itching) and discomfort; and both are contraindicated in people with severe peripheral arterial disease (PAD) [16, 17, 18]. IPC is also contraindicated in people with lower‐limb ischaemia, active skin infection, and active DVT or pulmonary embolism [14, 19]. [https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD016365/full source]
=SCD hemodynamic effects=
=SCD hemodynamic effects=
Ovid MEDLINE(R) ALL <1946 to November 10, 2026>
# (pneumatic sleeve or graduated compression stockings or mechanical thromboprophylaxis or sequential compression device).mp. or Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices/ (n=1479)
# (Passive leg raise or Pulse pressure variation or PPV or volume status or fluid challenge or fluid bolus or fluid responsive*).mp. or Hemodynamics/ or Cardiac Output/ or Fluid Therapy/ or Hypotension/ or Stroke Volume/ or Hypovolemia/ or Dehydration/ or Blood Pressure/ (n=587742)
# 1 and 2 (n=80)
# from 3 keep 2-3,5-6,8,10,12,16-17,21,23-24,30,32-33,35,37,42,44,48-50,52,56,58,62,69,73-75 (n=30)
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Caption text
|+ Caption text
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|-
| [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18219162/ Sohn et al Circulation J 2008] || Example || Example || Example || Example
| [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18219162/ Sohn et al Circulation J 2008] || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
|Homdee et al Scientific Reports 2026<ref>https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar.bib?q=info:sqwm0zNm_BAJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&scisdr=CoZuVH0GEIjgiyCl0SU:AIL1Nv4AAAAAavSjySUVsxxtbny2m28IhBo-8-o&scisig=AIL1Nv4AAAAAavSjyT2hZWiRRIQgt1kiFdRSsQ0&scisf=4&ct=citation&cd=-1&hl=en</ref>
|12 healthy volunteers
|Simultaneous 50 mmHg, 30 mmHg, or intermittent 30 mmHg via IPCDs
|
|Simultaneous 30 mmHg led to the greatest increase in Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) in the common femoral vein as measured by doppler US, while intermittent led to a slower PSV but longer augmentation, potentially equating to greater total venous return.
|-
|Yao et al, IJOA, 2026<ref>https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar.bib?q=info:TO6u4e49AoQJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&scisdr=CoZuVH0GEIjgiyCgNw8:AIL1Nv4AAAAAavSmLw8KVm7zjfDZFuQQHEk270k&scisig=AIL1Nv4AAAAAavSmL-PMBf2BW5ICf0v3r0OoZwI&scisf=4&ct=citation&cd=-1&hl=en</ref>
|26 healthy women undergoing elective CD with spinal anesthesia
|Unblinded, RCT, IPC initiation at time of spinal
|No IPCs
|Phenylephrine rate and incidence of hypotension were lower in the IPC group, but the total dose was not different (though it trended to favor IPC).
|}
|}