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|   | *The cervical vertebrae have a transverse foramen through which the vertebral arteries and veins pass.     |   | *The cervical vertebrae have a transverse foramen through which the vertebral arteries and veins pass.     | 
|   | *The transverse foramen of C8 contains only the vein, not the artery.    |   | *The transverse foramen of C8 contains only the vein, not the artery.    | 
|   | + | * Cervical vertebrae have uncovertebral joints which facilitate head rotation. Hypertrophy of these joints is a common cause of neural foramenal obstruction.   | 
|   | *Atlas is the strongest cervical vertebrae.  |   | *Atlas is the strongest cervical vertebrae.  | 
|   | *Axis has no body, just an anterior and posterior arch.  |   | *Axis has no body, just an anterior and posterior arch.  | 
| − | *Ribs 11 and 12 attach only to the vertebrae, not the sternum. Furthermore, they articulate at a single costal facet on the vertebral body.    | + | *Ribs 11 and 12 (the “floating” ribs) attach only to the vertebrae, not the sternum. Furthermore, they articulate at a single costal facet on the vertebral body.    | 
|   | *Rib 1 and 10 articulate with a superior and transverse costal facet respectively on the body and transverse process of their vertebrae.  |   | *Rib 1 and 10 articulate with a superior and transverse costal facet respectively on the body and transverse process of their vertebrae.  | 
|   | *Ribs 8-10 are so-called “false ribs” because they articulate anteriorly with the costal cartilage of the ribs above them rather then with the sternum or manubrium.    |   | *Ribs 8-10 are so-called “false ribs” because they articulate anteriorly with the costal cartilage of the ribs above them rather then with the sternum or manubrium.    | 
|   | *All other ribs articulate with three costal facets, one on the body, one on the transverse process, and one on the vertebra one level above.    |   | *All other ribs articulate with three costal facets, one on the body, one on the transverse process, and one on the vertebra one level above.    | 
|   | *The navicular bone sits behind the small “navy” of cuneiform bones.  |   | *The navicular bone sits behind the small “navy” of cuneiform bones.  |