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*'''Prolactin-secreting''' pituitary adenomas, including large ones, are first treated with '''oral dopamine antagonists''', whereas other pituitary adenomas are treated with surgery if large enough.
*'''Prolactin-secreting''' pituitary adenomas, including large ones, are first treated with '''oral dopamine antagonists''', whereas other pituitary adenomas are treated with surgery if large enough.
*Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is most commonly '''21-hydroxylase deficiency''' (hypotension, low Na, high K, hypoglycemia, ambiguous genitalia in girls), but can also be '''11β-hydroxylase deficiency''' (hypertension, low K, hypoglycemia, ambiguous genitalia in girls) or '''17α-hydroxylase deficiency''' (hypertension, low K, euglycemia, ambiguous genitalia in boys).
*Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is most commonly '''21-hydroxylase deficiency''' (hypotension, low Na, high K, hypoglycemia, ambiguous genitalia in girls), but can also be '''11β-hydroxylase deficiency''' (hypertension, low K, hypoglycemia, ambiguous genitalia in girls) or '''17α-hydroxylase deficiency''' (hypertension, low K, euglycemia, ambiguous genitalia in boys).
*Discontinue metformin prior to surgeries with a high contrast load (e.g. cardiac cath)
=Thyroid=
=Thyroid=
*Total T3 and T4 in pregnancy can be 1.5x normal range and still be physiologic. TSH is suppressed. '''There is no role for measuring free T4 in pregnancy'''
*Total T3 and T4 in pregnancy can be 1.5x normal range and still be physiologic. TSH is suppressed. '''There is no role for measuring free T4 in pregnancy'''
*Amiodarone decreases peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, but generally this self resolves in 6-9 months after treatment initiation. Amiodarone has a half-life of 100 days.
*Amiodarone decreases peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, but generally this self resolves in 6-9 months after treatment initiation. Amiodarone has a half-life of 100 days.
*Low T4 and low TSH suggests central hypothyroidism. Measure ACTH levels and get an ACTH stim test as well as AM serum cortisol.
=Glucose Homeostasis=
=Glucose Homeostasis=