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→Promiscuous Molecular Targets
**Propofol binds to α4β2 nAChR with IC<sub>50</sub> of 3.13 uM, HCN1 receptors with IC<sub>50</sub> of 4.19 uM, and α1β2γ2 with EC<sub>50</sub> of 5.44 uM.
**Propofol binds to α4β2 nAChR with IC<sub>50</sub> of 3.13 uM, HCN1 receptors with IC<sub>50</sub> of 4.19 uM, and α1β2γ2 with EC<sub>50</sub> of 5.44 uM.
**Remimazolam binds GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors [https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar.bib?q=info:ZcRExfhIAgQJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&scisdr=CiBKb9IEEIjgixJ14Lg:ACTRDVEAAAAAasZz-Lg_XypnrGdHd1YvgyClzzA&scisig=ACTRDVEAAAAAasZz-GKPI-Z0ueEzxZoNZQpLFsU&scisf=4&ct=citation&cd=-1&hl=en non-selectively] (i.e. αxβ2γ2)
**Remimazolam binds GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors [https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar.bib?q=info:ZcRExfhIAgQJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&scisdr=CiBKb9IEEIjgixJ14Lg:ACTRDVEAAAAAasZz-Lg_XypnrGdHd1YvgyClzzA&scisig=ACTRDVEAAAAAasZz-GKPI-Z0ueEzxZoNZQpLFsU&scisf=4&ct=citation&cd=-1&hl=en non-selectively] (i.e. αxβ2γ2)
====Probing Anesthetic-Receptor Interactions====
====Rx Probing Anesthetic-Receptor Interactions====
*'''Are there pharmacological agents with effects complementary to those of anesthetics with receptor specificity? Do they cross the blood brain barrier? Search [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL63354/ ChEMBL].'''
*'''Are there pharmacological agents with effects complementary to those of anesthetics with receptor specificity? Do they cross the blood brain barrier? Search [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL63354/ ChEMBL].'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
*Would flumazenil block propofol's effect on the GABA<sub>A</sub>R, despite binding at a different site? What to make of the off-target effects?
*Would flumazenil block propofol's effect on the GABA<sub>A</sub>R, despite binding at a different site? What to make of the off-target effects?
*'''When given together with "promiscuous" anesthetics, what happens? For instance, is propofol equally effective when given with a specific HCN1 receptor inhibitor? What about a GABA<sub>A</sub>R inhibitor?'''
*'''When given together with "promiscuous" anesthetics, what happens? For instance, is propofol equally effective when given with a specific HCN1 receptor inhibitor? What about a GABA<sub>A</sub>R inhibitor?'''
====Genetic Probing of Anesthetic-Receptor Interactions====
*'''Are there genetic KO/KD or optogenetic tools available for location-specific inducible receptor knockdowns?'''
*'''Are there genetic KO/KD or optogenetic tools available for location-specific inducible receptor knockdowns?'''
**Optogenetics has been used to inhibit neurons ([https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar.bib?q=info:E5ci0TmjTyUJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&scisdr=CiBKb9IEEIjgixuAMnI:ACTRDVEAAAAAas-GKnJgn-bjNlsNLChcKv4my2s&scisig=ACTRDVEAAAAAas-GKgEqKyhrCyTgoY7wITcfbIk&scisf=4&ct=citation&cd=-1&hl=en Boyden] [https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar.bib?q=info:5bB4NZj9XJwJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&scisdr=CiBKb9IEEIjgixuAD4Q:ACTRDVEAAAAAas-GF4QQx1MktzR7KJjHy7lxqtc&scisig=ACTRDVEAAAAAas-GF0WwYhYzurZCN_BZ43PKYBA&scisf=4&ct=citation&cd=-1&hl=en Zhang]) and control motor responses in ''C. elegans'' ([https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar.bib?q=info:DR_TtH156CwJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&scisdr=CiBKb9IEEIjgixuATj4:ACTRDVEAAAAAas-GVj4eXZwSNxuPraJTtvvWPi4&scisig=ACTRDVEAAAAAas-GVgi34VSVojs0nt7HO_YbU68&scisf=4&ct=citation&cd=-1&hl=en Nagel])
**Optogenetics has been used to inhibit neurons ([https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar.bib?q=info:E5ci0TmjTyUJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&scisdr=CiBKb9IEEIjgixuAMnI:ACTRDVEAAAAAas-GKnJgn-bjNlsNLChcKv4my2s&scisig=ACTRDVEAAAAAas-GKgEqKyhrCyTgoY7wITcfbIk&scisf=4&ct=citation&cd=-1&hl=en Boyden] [https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar.bib?q=info:5bB4NZj9XJwJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&scisdr=CiBKb9IEEIjgixuAD4Q:ACTRDVEAAAAAas-GF4QQx1MktzR7KJjHy7lxqtc&scisig=ACTRDVEAAAAAas-GF0WwYhYzurZCN_BZ43PKYBA&scisf=4&ct=citation&cd=-1&hl=en Zhang]) and control motor responses in ''C. elegans'' ([https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar.bib?q=info:DR_TtH156CwJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&scisdr=CiBKb9IEEIjgixuATj4:ACTRDVEAAAAAas-GVj4eXZwSNxuPraJTtvvWPi4&scisig=ACTRDVEAAAAAas-GVgi34VSVojs0nt7HO_YbU68&scisf=4&ct=citation&cd=-1&hl=en Nagel])