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=Electrocardiogram=
=Electrocardiogram=
=Cardiac Physical Exam=
=Cardiac Physical Exam=
=Arrhythmias=
=Arrhythmias=
SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> left/right bundles -> Purkinje fibers
* Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities
* Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities
**H&P: syncope, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, dizziness
**DDx: sinus brady, SSS, 1st degree AV block, 2nd degree AV block (Mobitz 1), 2nd degree AV block (Mobitz 2), 3rd degree AV block
**Tx: correct electrolytes/hypothermia, atropine/dopamine, transcutaneous pacing, transvenous pacing, leadless pacing, permanent pacemaker
* Tachyarrhythmias
* Tachyarrhythmias
**H&P: palpitations, syncope
**DDx: Sinus tach, Afib, Aflutter, Vtach, Vfib, Vflutter, AVNRT, AVRT, WPW
**Tx: Stable vs. Unstable. Synchronized cardioversion vs DCCV. Vagal maneuvers, atropine, beta blockers, amiodarone, digoxin, diltiazem. Rate control superior to rhythm control most of the time. Calculate a CHAD2S2VASc for Afib patients. Consider cardioablation vs. watchman. Always get a TEE/cardioversion for chronic Afib. The most effective AC is warfarin. Best AC is usually DOAC because of once daily oral dosing. LMWH is an alternative if they can't have a DOAC. Aflutter can be 2:1, 3:1, or 4:1 with fixed rates of 150, 100, and 75 respectively.
=Congestive Heart Failure=
=Congestive Heart Failure=
* Systolic Dysfunction/HFrEF
* Systolic Dysfunction/HFrEF
* Non-systolic Dysfunction/HFpEF
* Non-systolic Dysfunction/HFpEF
=Cardiomyopathy=
=Cardiomyopathy=
* Dilated Cardiomyopathy
* Dilated Cardiomyopathy
* Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
* Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
* Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
* Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
=Coronary Artery Disease=
=Coronary Artery Disease=
* Angina Pectoris
* Angina Pectoris
* Prinzmetal Angina
* Prinzmetal Angina
* Carotid Artery Stenosis
* Carotid Artery Stenosis
=Acute Coronary Syndromes=
=Acute Coronary Syndromes=
* Unstable Angina/NSTEMI
* Unstable Angina/NSTEMI
* STEMI
* STEMI
=Dyslipidemia=
=Dyslipidemia=
=Hypertension=
=Hypertension=
* Primary Hypertension
* Primary Hypertension
* Secondary Hypertension
* Secondary Hypertension
* Hypertensive Crisis
* Hypertensive Crisis
=Pericardial Disease=
=Pericardial Disease=
* Pericarditis
* Pericarditis
* Cardiac Tamponade
* Cardiac Tamponade
=Valvular Heart Disease=
=Valvular Heart Disease=
=Vascular Diseases=
=Vascular Diseases=
* Aortic Aneurism
* Aortic Aneurism