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| | ** Avoid references. If any are essential to include, ensure that you cite the author(s) and year(s). | | ** Avoid references. If any are essential to include, ensure that you cite the author(s) and year(s). |
| | ** Avoid non-standard or uncommon abbreviations. If any are essential to include, ensure they are defined within your abstract at first mention. | | ** Avoid non-standard or uncommon abbreviations. If any are essential to include, ensure they are defined within your abstract at first mention. |
| | + | * You are required to provide 1 to 7 keywords for indexing purposes. |
| | + | * You are encouraged to provide a graphical abstract at submission. The graphical abstract summarizes the contents of your article in a concise, pictorial, professional form, highlighting important aspects of the research. It is designed to appeal to an interdisciplinary audience and draw more attention to your online article. Ensure the image is at least 1328 pixels wide, with the longest side horizontal, and is readable at a width of 13 cm. Preferred file types for graphical abstracts are TIFF, EPS, PDF, or MS Office files. |
| | + | * All artwork must have a caption. A caption should consist of a brief title (not displayed on the figure itself) and a description of the image. Keep the amount of text to a minimum, though any symbol or abbreviation should be explained. |
| | + | * The introduction should clearly state the objectives of your work. We recommend that you provide an adequate background to your work but avoid writing a detailed literature overview or summary of your results. |
| | + | * The methods section should provide sufficient details about your materials and methods to allow your work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Some guidelines: |
| | + | ** If the method you used has already been published, provide a summary and reference the originally published method. |
| | + | ** If you are quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and cite the source. |
| | + | ** Describe any modifications that you have made to existing methods. |