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→Multiple Myeloma
=Multiple Myeloma=
=Multiple Myeloma=
*H&P: Often presents with CRAB symptoms (Calcium, Renal failure, Anemia, or Bone lesions) or frequent infections. Can be complicated by unstable bradycardia, osteoporosis, ATN (via IG light chain, an endogenous nephrotoxin), nephrotic syndrome secondary to renal (AL) amyloidosis, type II RTA
*H&P: Often presents with CRAB symptoms (Calcium, Renal failure, Anemia, or Bone lesions) or frequent infections. Can be complicated by unstable bradycardia, osteoporosis, ATN (via IG light chain, an endogenous nephrotoxin), nephrotic syndrome secondary to renal (AL) amyloidosis, type II RTA
*Dx: Bone marrow biopsy showing >10% clonal plasma cells + end organ damage (CRAB) OR >60% clonal plasma cells without end organ damage. M-spike on SPEP (also shows up in smoldering myeloma). Bone scan shows punched out lesions. Impaired platelet function. β2 microglobulin is a prognostic marker.
*Dx: Bone marrow biopsy showing >10% clonal plasma cells + end organ damage (CRAB) OR >60% clonal plasma cells without end organ damage. M-spike on SPEP (also shows up in smoldering myeloma). Bone scan shows punched out lesions. Hyperviscosity syndrome when there is monoclonal IgM, this leads to impaired platelet function and epistaxis/gingival bleeding (overall more common in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia). β2 microglobulin is a prognostic marker.
*Tx: Autologous Stem Cell Transplant or chemotherapy
*Tx: Autologous Stem Cell Transplant or chemotherapy