Changes

***Sacral

***Sacral

*'''PERIPHERAL'''

*'''PERIPHERAL'''

**'''Somatic''': ''corticospinal'' > ''anterior horns'' > ventral roots > skeletal muscles; peripheral sensory receptors > dorsal roots > ''DCML/spinothalamic''

**'''Somatic'''

**'''Autonomic''':

***Efferent/Motor: ''primary motor cortex [[glutamatergic]] UMNs'' > ''corticospinal tract'' > ''anterior horn [[cholinergic]] alpha motor neurons (LMNs)'' > ventral roots > peripheral nerves > [[nAChRs]] on skeletal muscles

***Sympathetic: ''lateral horn'' > ventral roots > paravertebral sympathetic chain ganglia or prevertebral ganglia > target organs

***Afferent/Sensory: peripheral sensory receptors > peripheral nerves > dorsal roots > ''DCML/spinothalamic''

***Parasympathetic: craniosacral outflow from CN III/VII/IX/X and S2-S4 > peripheral ganglia near target organs > target organs

**'''Autonomic'''

***Sympathetic

****Efferent: ''lateral horn [[cholinergic]] preganglionic neurons'' > ventral roots > white ramus communicans > [[nAChRs]] on postganglionic [[noradrenergic]] neurons in the paravertebral sympathetic chain or prevertebral ganglia > gray ramus communicans > peripheral nerves > [[Adrenergic Pharmacology|'''adrenergic''']] receptors (α1/α2, β1/β2) on target organs

***Parasympathetic

****Efferent: ''[[cholinergic]] preganglionic neurons'' > craniosacral outflow from CN III/VII/IX, CN X, and S2-S4 > [[nAChRs]] on postganglionic [[cholinergic]] neurons in the parasympathetic/peripheral ganglia on/near target organs > (trigeminal nerve branches for efferents from CN III/VII/IX) > [[mAChRs]] (M1/M2/M3) on target organs

**'''Enteric'''

**'''Enteric'''